Supply chain management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4

Supply chain management - Essay Example The supply chain is defined as the activities linked with the movement and alteration of commodities from the lowest stage to the consumer’s stage. Supply chain does not have much difference hence this made the organizations start the tendency of depending fully on suppliers to enable them execute their duties efficiently. However, any organization can fit to be part of supply chain. Supply chain management needs a clear management hard work by the involved organizations in supply chain. For supply chain management to be successful, the companies involved must implement on the enterprise-to-enterprise perception (Mentzer, 2001). Top management is the most significant constituents when one or many companies is attempting to inject a new idea in the market, for example, a new product or a program. Because top management are essential in SCM and they have the ability to identify crucial resources that fit supply chain ventures, due to these, the company has the power to restructure and create policies to help both organizational objectives. Recent research specified that top management often acknowledge the existence of SCM, and the commitment features only once in three organizations. Hesitation to SCM commitment may arise when the top management uncomfortable with its client’s strength in the supply chain, these factors lead to their success in the market. What creates these difficulties are the challenges in global supply chain which include economic differences, technological differences, cultural, logistical and spatial differences, these factors have their different impacts hence globalization supply facing difficulties. For instance, global supply chain expounds into longer and are more unpredictable, there might be delays during shipment, which creates increment of the client’s demand, for example, what

Equity and Trust Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Equity and Trust - Essay Example That’s when Lord Longdale ruled that Richard Knight did not make a trust, because his will did not satisfy the three certainty tests named above (Brophy, 2008, p. 91). In the case above, the provisions satisfy only one certainty that is certainty of intention. In Jones vs. Lock 1865, the court denoted that for a trust to be established, it must pass the certainty of intention test. In this case, Robert Jones loosely said that he was going to keep son 900 pounds for his child. Before altering his will, he died. The issue under consideration in this case therefore was on whether the 900 pounds he had offered belonged to the child, or to the residuary legatees. In arriving at their decision, the court held that Robert Jones did not have any intention of initiating a trust for the child; therefore the money was still under his residuary legatees. On this basis therefore, the court denoted that certainty of intention must be proved for a trust be valid. This argument is further rei nforced in the case involving Paul vs. Constance 1977. In this case, the court denoted that prove of certainty of intention is an important factor in determining the validity of a trust (Harrison, 2012, p.29). Sam, in his will provides for the distribution of his shares to Margaret his sister, and four grandchildren. However, he does not specify the amount of shares to be distributed to the individuals. In the case law that involved Palmer vs Simmonds 1854, the court denoted that there wasn’t any trust established when the testator wrote in his will that the bulk of his property should go to four unnamed individuals on an equal measure, but subject to a number of stipulations (Brophy, 2008, p. 41). This is because the Testator was not specific on the value of his property that was to be shared. On this basis therefore, the above provision is not valid, and does not create a trust, because he does not prove certainty of subject matter. Another issue that arises also is that Sa m does not give the names of the grand children under consideration, and it is therefore difficult for the trustees to know whom Sam had in mind. In the case law involving IRC vs. Broad way Cottages, the court denoted that in an instance where it is difficult to establish the specific beneficiaries of a will, then the trust established is void (Brophy, 2008, p. 56). In this case, the testator wrote a will denoting that any income derived from his property should benefit the settlor’s wife, and other relations of the settler. The term relation was not certain, making the will void. On this basis therefore, the provisions in this will are void, and do not establish a trust. (b) In this case, Sam satisfies the certainties established in the Case law of Knight vs. Knight. This provision satisfies the certainties of object, intention and subject matter. For instance, Sam identifies the object to be disposed, and that is a bronze statue of a musician; and the beneficiaries who are the grandchildren of Fiona. The case involving Re Kayford 1975 is a perfect example of a case law that depicts the importance of certainty of intention in a will (Brophy, 2008, p. 67). In this case, the managers of Kayford mailing company were concerned that their organization will be insolvent. On this basis, they opened an account with another bank to keep payments that

When Different Kinds Of Organisms Interact

When Different Kinds Of Organisms Interact Microorganisms, as the name suggests, are extremely minute organisms which are impossible to be observed by the naked eyes. Due to their size, they are mostly interpreted as being single-celled organisms and include different types of organisms in their classification bacteria, viruses, fungi, archaea and protists. Also, there are some animals which are so small that they need to be visualised under microscope for their structure to be determined, hence are termed as microscopic animals. While most of the microorganisms, due to their ability to interrupt with the normal cellular activities of other living organisms, are considered mostly as being pathogenic, they are also advantageous in a huge number of ways and their role in nature makes them crucial for the balance of the ecosystem. When different kinds of organisms interact with each other for living, the process of symbiosis occurs. The symbiosis can occur through the fusion of one organism into the other known as endosymbiosis or just through the extracellular communication of the organisms known as ectosymbiosis. The interaction among these organisms can occur in different forms such as mutualism where both of the organisms associate to benefit from each other, commensalism where one organism is in an advantageous stage while the other remains neutral with no gain or loss and parasitism where an organism takes the benefits for its survival by harming the other organism it is attached with (Prescott, 1999). The symbiotic behaviour of the microorganisms which helps them in forming different kind of relationships such as mutualism and commensalism with different kinds of animals has proved to be very beneficial for them. One of the significant benefits has been the aid provided by the microorganisms during the digestion of food in the intestinal tract of the animals. For example the presence of the microbial ecology inside the body of ruminant animals has played a huge role in the food digestion process within their rumen. Ruminant animals, which depend mainly on grasses and other fibre-rich plants, gain cellulose after food consumption to supply their high demand for energy. However, the lack of natural enzyme within their bodies can be counter effective during the cellular activities of these animals. This problem is overcome by different microorganisms found inside the rumen of the ruminants such as ciliated protozoa, anaerobic fungi and many bacterial species such as Fibrobacter succi nogenes and Ruminococcus albus which provide enzymes for breaking down cellulose to various carbon products such as glucose for energy. These organisms which create carbon cycle within the body of ruminants are important in providing organic compounds, proteins and vitamins to the animals (Wallace, 2008). Also, there are other organisms such as leaf-cutting insects which heavily rely on different types of bacteria for their nutrition. These bacteria belonging to different families such as Enterobacteriacaea and different genera such as Prevotella, Ruminococcus, Klebsiella, etc., which together form a fungal population, acquire the capability of degrading the fibres that constitute the cell walls of the plant. These polymers are hydrolysed into smaller monomers due to the fungal activities and are very useful for these leaf-cutting insects such as ants to achieve energy for survival. The relationship of the fungus and the leaf-cutting insects is mutual as the insects which cultivate the fungus help the microorganisms by sheltering them in a safe and facilitated environment within the leaves (Suen et.al. 2010). Not only animals, but microorganisms, with their efficiency in creating symbiosis with different living creatures, have been very helpful for the growth and maintenance of huge variety of plants in many numbers of ways. The roots are the main pathways for the absorption of different nutritional components needed for the plants to survive and grow. To do so, they come in contact with the soil hence fixing the plants into stationary position. This area of the interaction of the plant roots and the soil is called the rhizosphere. The rhizosphere contains a number of microorganisms which form mutualistic relationship with the plants, therefore allowing both of the plants and the microorganisms to exist and function normally. Different types of microorganisms such as the fungal strain, Trichoderma viride, are very important in protecting the soil against pathogens by producing antibiotics. This is crucial for the plants as it helps them to avoid different diseases. Besides this, plants ab sorb different molecules synthesised by different microorganisms present in the region to support their development. Some of the molecules include plant hormones such as gibberellic acid produced by the fungus, Gibberella fujikuro, cytokinins, auxins, etc., along with various other components such as amino acids, sugars and vitamins which help the plants to grow and maintain their structure (Starkey, 1958). Along with different organic molecules, several inorganic factors are also needed for ensuring the growth of plants. Among these, nitrogen is considered to be a vital aspect for the plant development. Nitrogen gases, which dominate the earthà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s atmosphere, cannot be used directly by the plant materials and so need to be converted into various nitrogen containing compounds. During this process of nitrogen fixing, different microorganisms come into play making it possible for the plants to absorb the compounds. Among different types of plants, leguminous plants use different bacteria such as Rhizobium and Bradyrhizobium for the fixing of nitrogen. These bacteria enter into the plants by piercing through the walls and the epidermis of the root cells and ultimately giving rise to the nodules. After the entry, the microorganisms become active for nitrogen fixation at the site called bacteroids present within the nodule. The nodules also contain leghemoglobin which have features similar to that of haemoglobin in human beings. The ability of these molecules to provide oxygen is very important for the bacteroids to maintain their ATP level and also for the nodules to give their red colour. The darkness of the nodule helps in determining the degree of N2 fixation. Besides the symbiotic relation of Rhizobium and leguminous plants, the interaction between the bacteria and other non-leguminous plants such as Parasponia andersonii also occurs to fix the nitrogen. Apart from Rhizobium, several other ba cteria such as Frankia form symbiotic relationship with various dicotyledonous plants for the formation of the nodules. These nodules, in presence of sufficient oxygen, increase their nitrogenous activity and help in fixing nitrogen required for the growth and development of plants (Burris et.al. 1992). Likewise, different microorganisms also play huge role in the area of biotechnology. The use of the biotechnology which has great impact in different fields such as medicine, agriculture, engineering, etc. make use of biological organisms and are involved in some sort of industrial processes. This also includes food technology which has been hugely influenced by the use of microorganisms during the process. One of the important aspects of the food technology where microorganisms are utilised includes fermentation. Fermentation is the process of oxidising the sugar molecules such as carbohydrates for the formation of smaller molecules such as alcohol and carbon dioxide which are simultaneously reduced in an oxygen deprived environment. So, the fermentation process has been used for the production of different kinds of alcohol such as wine where different strains of yeast such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae or Saccharomyces ellipsoideus are used to extract the alcoholic content from the c arbohydrates as well as beer which are produced by the fermentation of starch obtained from cereals using other strains of yeast such as Saccharomyces carlsbergensis (Prescott, 1999). Besides producing alcohol, milk can also be fermented to produce lactic acid which is useful in dairy products such as yogurt, cream, cheese, butter, etc. To synthesise these products, different lactic acid bacteria belonging to various genera such as Lactococcus, Lactobacilli, Enterococci, Streptococci, etc. are used during the fermentation process. Different strains of these bacteria are used in different ways to achieve the desired product such as the bacteria Lactobacilli bulagricus and Streptococcus thermophilus provide the milk with good texture and flavour giving yogurt as the end product. However, the inability of some other bacteria such as Lactobacillus acidophilus to provide texture leaves the milk only with considerable acidity (Acidophilus milk). This is one of the useful products of milk fermentation (Vuyst 2000). Also, the process of bread making is highly affected by the bacterial strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae which ferment different saccharides such as glucose and fructose present naturally in the dough, sucrose added by the baker and maltose produced through the breakdown of starch into acids. The fermentation converts the sugars into acids such as CO2, hence providing the bread with the needed texture, taste and odour (Attfield et.al. 2001). In addition to these, fermentation industry has been proved to be very advantageous to meet the high demand of antibiotics whilst maintaining the economy during their production. These antibiotics are generated from the growth of microorganisms such as different strains of fungus Penicillium and are known as secondary metabolites. This rapid production of antibiotics is useful in different areas ranging from human bodies to soil to combat different pathogens and other harmful microbes (Wilkinson, 1975). Along with the use of the microorganisms in different fields of biotechnology, rapid development has been observed in the genetic engineering where the DNA of an organism is modified using several means such as enzymes and vectors and recombinant DNA is obtained that is used to for benefits. Microorganisms have been modified for different medical purposes. The proteins that have the potential of treating certain diseases or illness have been extracted through the genetically modified microorganisms. The alternation of genes in an organism to treat diseases known as gene therapy makes great use of different strains of bacteria such as Salmonella, Shigella, Listeria as well as Escherichia coli and certain types of yeast (Vassaux et.al. 2005). Among these, there has been significant achievement in the cancer treatment through the use of modified microorganisms. Various microorganisms such belonging to the strains of Clostridium, Bifidobacterium, Salmonella, Mycobacterium, Bacillus and L isteria, which are either obligate anaerobic or facultative anaerobic, have the ability of supressing the tumour growth by acting as anticancer agents and hence targeting the overgrowing cells (Bernades et.al. 2010). Similarly, the use of vaccines has been very important to treat different diseases such as small pox, measles, mumps, polio, etc. These vaccines which are inserted into organismsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ bodies carry several antigens and so induce the immune response within the body systems. The production of these useful antigens is possible through the different microbial strains of bacteria and viruses such as Staphylococcus  carnosus, Salmonella enterica, Listeria monocytogenes, etc. which are weakened and are used as carriers for the antigens. This causes the antibodies against certain pathogens to be produced inside the living body of the organisms (Schoen et al. 2007). The technique of genetically modifying microorganisms has been of great use in the field of agriculture. Different bacteria such as Agrobacterium tumefaciens are used to produce recombinant DNA with desired gene and are transferred into the plants in order to produce different plant growth hormones and hence increase crop productivity. Also, the genes from other bacteria such as Bacillus thuringiensis have been transformed using recombinant DNA technology and inserted into the plant cells of different types such as tomato and tobacco enabling them to resist against diseases caused by the pests. Besides different pests, fungi and insects, the frost formation can also disturb the normal functioning of cells in many agricultural crops. There are several biological agents that can induce in the nucleation of ice layer in the leaf surfaces. To reduce the effects of these agents, several microorganisms such as ice-minus strain of Pseudomonas syringae bacteria, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Erwi nia herbicola, etc. are used to protect the plants against ice formation (Atlas, 1998). With so many benefits and many more such as in treatment of sewages and wastes, energy recovery through large production of biomass that are brought through the use of microorganisms, they can hardly be considered as disease causing agents. All the advantages are very necessary to maintain the equilibrium of the environment and to benefit human beings during daily survivals. While the pathogenic organisms that carry diseases need to be controlled from growth, attempt of eradicating the microorganisms completely from the ecosystem needs to be avoided as this can counter balance the positive effects carried by them and can induce a serious threat to the survival of some other organisms in the living system.

Juvenile Justice Essay

Crimes are usually assumed to have been committed by adults, unfortunately, in today’s society; crimes are committed by juveniles at a growing rate. Maybe juveniles are viewing too many violent television shows or movies, playing too many violent video games, or maybe juveniles are committing crimes out of boredom. Nevertheless, the pertinent issue is the fact that juveniles are participating in the commission of criminal activity at an adult level. Juveniles are no longer stealing candy bars from the local grocery store, but they are committing violent crimes against other people. Even more astounding is the fact that these same juvenile offenders are walking away with only probation as their punishment. For the most part, juveniles commit offenses pertaining to property, public nuisances, and underage drug and alcohol related crimes. Violent crimes against other persons such as assault and battery and murder are now included in the list of crimes committed by juveniles (Torbet, 1996). In order to understand why specific crimes are committed, one must carefully examine the juvenile offender. Juvenile offenders are both male and female. Some come from broken or single-parent homes lacking adequate supervision of the juvenile during the evening hours. Some juveniles are suffering from an undiagnosed psychological disorder whereby making it difficult for the juvenile to understand the consequences of his or her criminal actions. Finally, some juveniles have become associated with local gangs or gang members as a means of joining the group. Probation is a necessary factor within the juvenile justice system. There is however, the lingering question as to what crimes constitute a probationary sentence and what crimes mandate incarceration. First time offenders have almost always been guaranteed probation as a means of scaring the juvenile into straightening out their life (Gaines & Miller, 2008). Juveniles having committed petty larceny, underage drinking violations, and simple assaults may also be good candidates for probation, but juveniles who have committed felonies should not be afforded probation. Juvenile probation enacts specific mandates in order to retrain and discipline the offender for his or her wrongdoing against society. Community service and attending school are most common requirements of probation. Some courts even order the juvenile to pay restitution to the victims. Curfews are strictly enforced as are daily or weekly reporting to the assigned probation officer (Torbet, 1996). In certain cases, substance abuse counseling and attending groups such as narcotics anonymous or alcoholics anonymous are provisioned. Counseling is generally enforced as a condition of probation and may include anger management classes and social skills building therapy (Gaines & Miller, 2008). If a juvenile fails to meet any provisions set forth by the probation officer, the juvenile’s probation could ultimately be revoked. It is difficult to combat or devise a universal solution to the juvenile delinquency problem in this country. Many programs have been created in order to aid the juvenile justice system by attempting to discourage repeat offenders. Some courts may find it necessary to require random urinalysis screenings of any or all juvenile offenders. Juvenile probation officers may discover in the course of monitoring certain juveniles that family counseling may be necessary in order to provide the juvenile with structure and stability. In more severe cases, it could be suggested that the juvenile may need to be removed from the home and placed into foster care in order to protect the juvenile from imminent danger created by addicted parents or crime filled neighborhoods. The juvenile justice system is in dire need of reorganization, and the best starting point would definitely be in the juvenile probation department.

Raphael Sanzio - 1575 Words

RAPHAEL SANZIO Raphael was one of the most important artists of the Italian Renaissance. Raphael painted and designed many brilliant pieces of work and the stanzas inside the Vatican. He was a master at such necessities of modern art such as depth and perspective and the use of light and shadow, and was the turning point styles of paintings like the use of Madonnas in paintings. Through his short life, Raphael would make some of the most awe-inspiring, beautiful, and influential works of art during the Italian Renaissance. Raphael whose full name was Raphael Sanzio, (also known as Raphael Sanzi), was born on April 6th, 1483. He was born in the town of Urbino, Italy, where he would spend his childhood life until he was 11 years old. His†¦show more content†¦In 1508, at the age of 24, Raphael was invited to the Vatican by Pope Julius II. Raphael was summoned to the Vatican to paint things like stanzas, and was probably recommended to the pope by Domato Bramante, an architect. He was immediately well liked by the pope and everyone else at the Vatican due to his personality; Raphael was a nice, gentle, and sensitive individual. As Giorgio Vasari once said about Raphael, Raphael was so gentle and so charitable that even animals loved him, not to speak of men. (Ruskin, p. 132) In order for Raphael to paint stanzas Pope Julius II ordered some old frescoes to be washed away from the Vatican walls. Although he made many stanzas, he only painted one stanza: the Stanza della Segnatura. In the other stanzas that Raphael would make, Raphael would sketch the stanzas and his pupils would paint whatever he sketched. In the Stanza della Segnatura, there was a stanza for each of the four walls.. Each side represented a topic. The four sides were about theology, poetry, philosophy, law. Each topic was represented with a painting. Theology was represented by Disputa, poetry by Parnassus, Jurisprudence represented law, and the extremely famous The School of Athens represented philosophy. He started working on these stanzas in early 1509 and finished inShow MoreRelatedRaphael Sanzio Essay1527 Words   |  7 PagesRaphael Sanzio Raphael was one of the most important artists of the Italian Renaissance. Raphael painted and designed many brilliant pieces of work and the stanzas inside the Vatican. He was a master at such necessities of modern art such as depth and perspective and the use of light and shadow, and was the turning point styles of paintings like the use of Madonnas in paintings. Through his short life, Raphael would make some of the most awe-inspiring, beautiful, and influential works of art duringRead MoreEssay on Raphael Sanzio Inspired1449 Words   |  6 Pagesfuture artists. This is how the artist Raphael Sanzio came about being one of the best of his time. Raphael took methods and ideas from his surrounding colleagues and then he would combine them with his own personality to create some of the best works from his era. Raphael Sanzios work of the Italian High Renaissance era is the result of influences and incorporation of techniques of Michelangelo Buonarroti, Pietro Perugino, and Leonardo D aVinci. Raphael Sanzio is most well remembered for his dynamicRead MoreRaphael1126 Words   |  5 PagesRaphael, and The Stanza Della Segnatura Raphael Sanzio was one of the most important artists of the Italian Renaissance. Raphael painted and designed many brilliant pieces of work and the stanzas inside the Vatican. He was a master at such necessities of modern art such as depth and perspective and the use of light and shadow, and was the turning point styles of paintings like the use of Madonnas in paintings. Through his short life, Raphael would make some of the most awe-inspiring, beautifulRead MoreEssay on Raphael and His Genius912 Words   |  4 PagesRaffaello Sanzio was an amazing artist from the late 1400’s to the early 1500’s who created many amazing paintings that helped change the style of medieval art to Renaissance art. Without him the style of art now would most likely be more primitive and not as advanced as art should be. This is because he made many advances, including more realistic painting. His most important paintings include â€Å"The School Of Athens†, the â€Å"Sistine Mado nna†, and the â€Å"Marriage of the Virgin†. Not only are thoseRead MoreWhy The Prodigy Artist Is Intrigued By Them2323 Words   |  10 PagesQuestion 2 Leung Ka Ho (s1659467) RAPHAEL, LETTER TO POPE LEO X, ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS: WHY THE PRODIGY PAINTER IS INTRIGUED BY THEM Architectural drawings, despite its many crude forms, has existed long before the time of the Italian painter-architect Raphael Sanzio da Urbino. Nevertheless, with reference to Wolfgang Lotz, the prodigy painter’s letter to Pope Leo X has been regarded as the trailblazer of â€Å"the rendering of interior inRead MoreThe Renaissance Er The Era Of The Individual1017 Words   |  5 Pagesknown as one of the most historical cities. Then came the High Renaissance, which started in the 1490s and ended in 1527. This period consisted of some of the best artist that many people know up until today. Their names are Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael Sanzio, and Michelangelo Buonarroti. These three men worked on their artwork in the same city and also lived there as well. Leonardo was not only an artist, but he was also scholar. His curiosity lead him to the study of physics, geology, mathematicsRead MoreImpact Of The Italian Renaissance1387 Words   |  6 Pagesstatue still remains for display in Florence, Italy. Rafaello Sanzio, also known as â€Å"Raphael† is another famous painter and architect of the renaissance. Growing up in an artistic environment, Raphael began his painting career at a young age. It wasn’t long before his artistic talent became well known in his town. He was greatly inspired by the works from Leonardo and Michelangelo. Analyzing the art work of these artists assisted Raphael in improv ing his own painting skills and developing his personalRead MoreRaphael The School Of Athens Essay710 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Laura M Darden Professor Johnson Art Appreciation 17 November 2014 The school of Athens From the book Living with Art I chose Raphael. The School of Athens on page 160. This painting took place in Stanza della Segnatura, Vatican. Rome. This is a naturalistic stylized pace of art. The two visual elements of design that I saw in the Raphael painting, is color, and space. There are both horizontal, vertical, and diagonal lines to making up the arches and all the columns. An implied line is in eachRead MoreEssay on Raphael Sanzios Life and Accomplishments889 Words   |  4 PagesRaffaello Sanzio was an amazing artist from the late 1400’s to the early 1500’s, who created many amazing paintings that helped change the style of medieval art to Renaissance art. Without him, the style of art now would most likely be more primitive and not as advanced as it should be. This is because he made many advances including more realistic painting. His most important paintings include â€Å"The School Of Athens†, the â€Å"Sistine Madonna†, and the â€Å"M arriage of the Virgin†. Not only are thoseRead More How Raphael Personifies The Renaissance Essay1192 Words   |  5 PagesThesis Statement In my research, I have seen how Raphael individually personifies what the High Renaissance encircles. I.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Early Life nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;A.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Childhood nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;B.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Family nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;C.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Father as court painternbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nb

Comment and Compare the Boscastle and Pakistan Floods

During the 2010 monsoon season (July and August), Pakistan experienced the worst floods recorded in its history. Heavy rainfall caused flash floods in the north and north-western regions of the country. The subsequent run-off created a southward moving mass of water approximately the size of the United Kingdom. The flood waters travelled downstream through Punjab and Sindh until they reached the Arabian Sea. Many of the main tributaries feeding into the Indus River were also flooded, further inundating agricultural lands. In total, some 20 million people were displaced and 50,000 square km were submerged, while standing crops, infrastructure and land were damaged extensively. The extent of the destruction caused by the 2010 floods is†¦show more content†¦In addition, shops were carrying greater levels of stock than at other times of the year. Although new flood defences were set to be built in October of that year, work had not yet started. Overall, excellent emergency services and Environment Agency response meant no lives were lost. However, due to the constantly changing nature of the tourist population, it took a long time to clearly establish that there had been no fatalities. Most shops stayed shut for the rest of the season and the bad publicity reduced tourist numbers during the following years, resulting in a negative multiplier effect for the entire local community. In addition, the effect spread beyond Boscastle - other settlements along the river were perceived to be at risk by tourists. Boscastle businesses could claim compensation from their insurance companies (claims for ‘disruption to trading’ in Boscastle amounted to  £15m). However, others businesses elsewhere in Cornwall could not, even though they too may have suffered reduced trade in the following years. This became a cause for concern, with tourism accounting for 30% of Cornwall’s GDP and tourists spending up to  £1 billion throughout the county. Shared amenities such as Boscastle village green were now covered with silt and up-ended cars. There were serious costs for a small community with a seasonal employment problem, due to its over-reliance

Essay on Medical Progress Made By The End Of The Renaissance

Medical Progress Made By The End Of The Renaissance Whats the Renaissance? Well the Renaissance is a time of great intellectual, scientific and cultural development, in our case we are looking at The Medical Renaissance which was from 1500 - 1650 and in this assessment we are going to look at diseases, treatments, doctors, technology and new discoveries and by the end of this piece of writing, I will have answered the question What Medical Progress Had Been Made By The End Of The Renaissance? In the Medical Renaissance many people did not know what caused disease. Most of what they believed in was basically what people also believed about 350 years ago. This is because many people believed in†¦show more content†¦But probably the worst kind of treatment for illness or disease was amputation, without anaesthetic. And thats all I have to say about that because those words speak for them selves. The Doctors and Healers that were around during that time were very well educated and trained but compared to what we know today; they were quite primitive. But in their day, they were modern. There were two types of healers; they were licensed and unlicensed. The Licensed healers were: Physicians- These were well-trained doctors, they would study the works of Galen and Hippocrates and train for 15years. They were first class doctors. Many rich and important people would have their own physicians. Surgeons - These were known as second-class doctors, this is because surgery was only necessary if you needed an amputation. Surgeons trained for years but almost always by watching their teacher performing the surgery and them taking notes. Apothecary- These were early forms of chemists and sold mixed remedies. Midwife- These were the only women around who were given a small education in medicine they were allowed to be midwifes because many believed that women knew more about the womansShow MoreRelatedThe Renaissance Essay758 Words   |  4 PagesThe Renaissance Renaissance is the period of European history that saw a renewed interest in the arts. The Renaissance began in 14th-century Italy and spread to the rest of Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries. In this period, the fragmented feudal society of the Middle Ages, with its agricultural economy and church-dominated intellectual and cultural life, was transformed into a society increasingly dominated by central political institutions, with an urban, commercial economy and lay patronageRead MoreAdvancements Of Medical Care During The Time Period Between 1500 And 1800921 Words   |  4 Pagesin medical theory and philosophy, and while the ideas firmly established at the beginning and end of this period seem quite different on the surface, there are similarities. This is due to new theories incorporating pillars from previously accepted ideas and practices. Major points to take note of in this period are: the extent of improvement in quantity and the quality of medical care, the shifting re lationship between theology and medical practice, and how the credibility of ancient medical theoryRead MoreBackground And The Enlightenment1546 Words   |  7 Pagesanswers with reason instead of faith, with a natural approach rather than a supernatural one. These characteristics are shared with an earlier intellectual movement known as the Renaissance. The Enlightenment could be looked at as a continuation of the Renaissance. There is one important difference, though. The Renaissance was associated with the accumulation of past knowledge while the Enlightenment focuses on acquiring new knowledge and clearly involved an effort to break from the past. The EnlightenmentRead MoreHistory of Medicine1288 Words   |  6 Pagesamounts of plague and disease prevalent during that time (Grigsby 2). Unfortunately, medical knowledge of that day was of very little help (Margotta 68). Physicians had no concept of disease causing bacteria or viruses. Unfortunately, it was thought in that day that illness was either due to old age, heredity, or immoderate living. Is was also believed that certain sins could affect one s health (Grigsby 2). Medical practice of the time revolved around a concept called the doctrine of the fourRead MoreThe Importance Of The Prosperity Of A Nation Or State1725 Words   |  7 PagesIbn Zuhr, Ibn Rushd, Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi, and Maimonides, Muslim Iberia flourished beyond its time, generating a lasting impact on the field of medicine. Ibn Zuhr, known as Avenzoar in the West, was regarded as the first major contributor to medical science since Galen (Azar et al., 431). Living from 1094-1162 and residing in Seville, Avenzoar wrote the book Kitab al-Iktisad fi Islah al-Anfus wa l-Adjsaad (‘Book on the Reform of the Soul and the Body’) that discussed methods for diagnosing andRead MoreA Study on the American Experience Since 19451135 Words   |  5 PagesTractor-trailer operating costs are estimated to be 17 percent lower on interstate highways than other highways. The interstate highway system made both labor and capital more efficient and encouraged business expansion, new investments, and the creation of jobs. The invention of the Salk polio vaccine taught America two things: Monies invested in medical research could result in life-changing innovations, and pharmaceuticals held promise as big business. Though Salk wanted his vaccine to be freeRead MoreColonization Of The Colonial System1473 Words   |  6 Pagesproducts known in Eurocentric terms as legitimate trade(1). Renaissance was taking place in Africa at that time, there was a big progress in all area economical, political, social and even intellectual, the increased of African enterprises, expansion of the trade networks, introduction to new technology, there were also many resources invested in the fields of education as narrated by Boahen Especially interesting were the provisions made for the promotion of education. There was to be a nationalRead MoreMedieval Italy, By Ian Hughes, Jacob Burckhardt, And David Lines2167 Words   |  9 Pagesoperations like the Battle of Tagliacozzo of 1268 to be conducted to end community-based rivalry (Jansen 116). Finally, the author explores the origin of the earliest historical texts and argues that the Jewish community produced the earliest Hebrew texts of the period. Shabbetai Donnolo, the founder of the monastery of Grottaferrata, wrote philosophical, astrological and med ical texts in the tenth century (Jansen, 488). Jacob Burckhardt made a comprehensive view of the government, art, as well as differentRead MoreThe Renaissance Period3406 Words   |  14 PagesThe argument being put forward in this dissertation is that the Renaissance in Europe, with specific emphasis on Italy, during the 15th Century, was the most influential period in developing the ‘early modern’ human society. Many believe that this was due to its almost perfect location between Western Europe and the Eastern shore of the Mediterranean. By analysing various factors and sources, as well as different aspects of society, for example political factors and the views of contemporary textsRead MoreEmbryonic Of Stem Cell Research Essay1576 Words   |  7 PagesEmbryonic Stem Cell Research Francois Rabelais, the famous Renaissance humanist, once said, â€Å"Science without conscience is the death of the soul† (Rabelais, Francois). Since the late 1960’s, this has been the stance for opponents of embryonic stem cell research. This is saying, if we are willing to take a fertilized embryo and kill it before it has even had time to develop, where is our conscience, our heart? We consider this form of stem cell research to be immoral and unethical. Scientists