Learning Goals and Their Impact on Performance

At the same time, personality and dispositional goal orientation are iintegrated through a hierarchy of goals where personality is associated with higher order goals (values), which affect intrinsic motivation. The link to performance is hypothesized through the impact of goal orientation. Under a performance orientation, individuals are less likely to increase effort when they encounter difficulty because they assume that if they do not possess the ability to solve the situation, an increased effort will do little to help. This lack of effort when facing challenge is likely to depress their performance.On the other hand, under a learning orientation, individuals will experience an adaptive pattern and they are more likely to increase effort when encountering difficulty and this effort is likely to increase performance. Short Description A model evaluates the influence of distal factors, such as culture on individuals? dispositions to adopt either learning or performance goals with p erformance. The paper presents several hypotheses on the influence of cultural dimensions, dispositional goal orientation, and individual performance.Keywords Cultural Values Goal Orientation Organizational Behaviour Human Resources 5 Goals and Performance of Global Firms Personality and Culture: Learning Goals and Their Impact on Performance of Global Firms Much research in organizational behavior has often ignored the impact of national culture on the individual (Boyacingler and Adler, 1991). This is not surprising since national culture’s influence in organizational behavior occurs at such a deep level that people are not usually aware of its influences (Triandis, 1983).For example, even though it is clear that values and goals of societies differ, most theories on work motivation have been made in the US with a US perspective (Boyacingler and Adler, 1991). This may encumber the generalizability of some of these motivation theories to a global environment because, as Hofst ede (1980) affirms, even when some principles in motivation may be almost universal, the way managers implement them depend on individual differences in values and goals.These differences are determined by local conditions (Hofstede, 1980), and can be analyzed through the predominance of specific cultural dimensions. This paper contributes to fill the void of culture in many motivation theories, and considers the influence of cultural dimensions on intrinsic motivation, specifically, how cultural dimensions may influence an individual’s goal orientation. Culture and mid-range theoriesLytle, Brett, Barsness, Tinsley, and Janssens (1995) suggest some guidelines for the study of how culture can affect mid-range theories like goal orientation: The first step includes the development of a functional definition of culture and its dimensions, then the identification of a mid-range theory, in this case goal orientation within intrinsic motivation, and finally, the generation of speci fic hypotheses about why and how those cultural dimensions will influence goal orientation.

Biography of Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Jean - Jacques Rousseau Man 's biography is free, he is everywhere. I think that he is the protagonist of others, but they are still bigger slaves. How this change is created. I do not know. How is it legal? I think that I can answer that question. (Rousseau, Jean-Jacques 1997) Jean-Jacques Rousseau was born in Geneva, Switzerland on June 25, 1712. Jean-Jacques Rousseau. French philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778) in the 18th century claimed that the children were not blank slabs filled with adult education. On the contrary, Rousseau (1762/1955) regards children as a noble asylum, and of course gives a congenital plan for good and evil, and orderly healthy growth. Unlike Locke, Rousseau thinks that internal morality of children and how to think and feel emotion of their own can only be hurt by adult training. He is a child-centered philosophy, adults should receive children's needs in four stages: infancy, childhood, late childhood and adolescence. John B. Watson and Jean-Ja cques Rousseau are often considered to provide the foundation of modern developmental psychology. In the mid-eighteenth century, Jean Jacques Rousseau described three developmental stages: Emile's baby (early childhood), pool (childhood) and adolescence: or education. Rousseau's idea was strongly responded to by the educators at the time. It usually focuses on how and why certain modifications through personal life cycle (cognition, society, intelligence, personality) and human growth change. There are many theorists who have contributed greatly to this field of psychology. For example, Erik Erikson has developed eight models of psychological developmental stages. He believes that humans grow in stages throughout their life and that it will influence their behavior (like Sigmund Freud) Biography of Jean-Jacques Rousseau Jean - Jacques Rousseau Man 's biography is free, he is everywhere. I think that he is the protagonist of others, but they are still bigger slaves. How this change is created. I do not know. How is it legal? I think that I can answer that question. (Rousseau, Jean-Jacques 1997) Jean-Jacques Rousseau was born in Geneva, Switzerland on June 25, 1712. Jean-Jacques Rousseau. French philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778) in the 18th century claimed that the children were not blank slabs filled with adult education. On the contrary, Rousseau (1762/1955) regards children as a noble asylum, and of course gives a congenital plan for good and evil, and orderly healthy growth. Unlike Locke, Rousseau thinks that internal morality of children and how to think and feel emotion of their own can only be hurt by adult training. He is a child-centered philosophy, adults should receive children's needs in four stages: infancy, childhood, late childhood and adolescence. John B. Watson and Jean-Ja cques Rousseau are often considered to provide the foundation of modern developmental psychology. In the mid-eighteenth century, Jean Jacques Rousseau described three developmental stages: Emile's baby (early childhood), pool (childhood) and adolescence: or education. Rousseau's idea was strongly responded to by the educators at the time. It usually focuses on how and why certain modifications through personal life cycle (cognition, society, intelligence, personality) and human growth change. There are many theorists who have contributed greatly to this field of psychology. For example, Erik Erikson has developed eight models of psychological developmental stages. He believes that humans grow in stages throughout their life and that it will influence their behavior (like Sigmund Freud)

Culture Analysis and Its Application in Business in Mexico Essay

Culture Analysis and Its Application in Business in Mexico - Essay Example There are varied elements of culture which differentiates it from one another. Thus, culture envelopes each individual and tends to deal with every aspect of an individual life (Storey, 2006). This is basically due to the fact that culture is an organized approach rather than a random happening. Thus, it can be inferred that the individual recognitions, identifications, assumptions, assessments and considerations are anticipated from cultural beliefs and norms. Hence, it can be affirmed from the above discussion that culture is ‘adaptive’ but it comprises of certain facts which might be ‘maladaptive’. Thus, the way of interaction of individuals differs from one another along with the style and emotional terminologies (Kuper, 2000). According to Hofstede (n.d.), culture is defined as the phenomenon consisting of certain core values which facilitate in shaping the personality traits of an individual. Thus, culture is one of the integral parts of a human being which helps to shape the values and behaviors of an individual in a specific group. Therefore, it can be stated that it is the culture, which differentiates one individual from another. Besides, the culture of an individual constantly changes with the alteration of places and situations (Hofstede, n.d.). In addition, there are varied elements which influence individual culture namely languages, norms, values, religions, beliefs, cultural assimilations and social collectiveness among others. Language is also one of the significant elements of culture. Language is a set of signs or symbols which is used regarding communication with one another. It helps to recognize or label varied equipments or things in the world,...Mexico is an ancient county situated in North America sharing its border with United States of America. With regards to its culture, Mexico has altered in a rapid pace during the 20th centuries. One of the major reasons for this alteration can be regarded as the migratio n trends linking Mexico with US that in turn influence the cultural patterns of both the nations. Thus, the culture of Mexico is highly affected by the trends of its neighboring nations. The number of foreign-born populace of Mexico amplified from 0.8 million in the year 1970 to 2.2 million in the year 1980 and about 4.3 million in 1990. Finally, it amounted to about 7.0 million in the year 1997. Hence, it can be said that the culture of Mexico is highly influenced by the culture of US. The existing life style of this country became widely alike to that of the countries from which it witnesses highest rate of migration such as US and England. However, most Mexican villagers are yet observed to pursue the older way of living in order to maintain the preliminary culture. Besides, the culture which prevails in the cities of Mexico is rather different as it strongly influenced by the neighborhood ethnicities which in itself is a versatile phenomenon. This is due to the fact that large number of inhabitants entered the city of Mexico from other neighboring countries. As a result, currently there exist varied subdivisions within the nation of Mexico. The cultural environment in Mexico also includes differences in terms of fooding habits, social issues, languages, arts, social lifestyles, educational outlooks, cultural histories, clothing behaviors, religions and customs among others (Center for International Rehabilitation Research Information and Exchange).

Diversity Identity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Diversity Identity - Essay Example They are very friendly, helpful. They do not bother about religion and are highly cultured persons. I remember my first contact with different religion person when I lived in turkey and joined a French school. We soon became friends; the encounter was very pleasant as we shared our thoughts on our cultures. I was brought up in a very diverse culture, religion. So when I grew up, I learnt that there is no religion created by god, only man started religions and god is one. It is really foolish to distinguish ourselves by our religions. Religions should be teaching unity, but that is not what happening. However, there are situations in my life that make me conscious of my religion even today. The terrorist attack on America on September 11 2001 is one of the worst nightmares in my life. I can still remember my neighbors were afraid to speak to us. It was a week before when I and my friends were talking about different religions; there were two Hindu friends of mine and a Christian one. The discussion just aroused out of curiosity in knowing other religions by my friend. We talked about Hinduism, Christianity, Islam, and Sikhism. These talks were very interesting as we could know the practices of different religions. As a part of our friendship, we all go to church and temple. Religion has never been a barrier for me to make friendship; I won't consider religion while making friends. So I love to make friends of any religion. I never felt like I was an outsider, as I was brought up in diverse culture, I never this sense of insecurity. Religion may affect me at my workplace, however, as I am experienced in such kind of culture, I am confident that I can tackle the situation and move forward. Interview 1: I was born in a Muslim family, my neighbors were Muslims. My family and friends all belong to the same religion. When I joined elementary school, I encountered a completely diverse group of children. However I didn't care about it at that tender age. This is a nice teaching for me as I still feel that this diverse culture had made me adaptable to any culture. My schooling was also of the same scenario. My co-workers were of different backgrounds as I work for a multinational company. It is my way of life to work with people of other religion as almost everyday I work with persons of different religions. I feel excited to work with them as they are from different cultures and there is a sort of cultural exchange among us. I don't really remember my first contact with a person of other religion. That person could be my elementary school mate. The contact should definitely be pleasant. I learned many things from people of different culture. The main thing I learned from Hindus is their readiness to accept any religion. The Christians have keen interest in studying other religions. Situations or topics like marriage make me conscious about my religion. My family wants me to marry only a Muslim boy. This makes me feel insecure and obviously is a negative experience for me. The topic of religion aroused when I and my friends were discussing on different cultures of the world. The talk was all about Christianity, Sikhism, Buddhism and Islam. I was shocked when my Sikh friend said "it is ultimately your religious friend who will rescue you when the time arrives". There is no regular talk about it; it may arise once in a while. My friend group consists of 3 Muslims, 2 Hindus, 1 Sikh. I would love to add my friends list with different

Differentiating Brands Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Differentiating Brands - Essay Example However, they are the ones trying to keep up with the large brand nowadays, and it is through different strategies that they aim to realize their lost glory. Some individuals may say that Google is at a place where losing its market to some of its competition is next to impossible (Scott, 2008). This paper will examine three of Google’s main competitors, and find out if any of the strategies being implemented can work to topple the giant. Google, with regards to its competition, may have a difficult time trying to maintain the top position in terms of market share. Microsoft, Yahoo, and Facebook, as the three top contenders for the number one spot, are bringing in new ideas, innovations, and attitude to the IT world. They are trying to be the best at what they do, and to be the best, one has to beat the best. This is what they aim at achieving. They are now offering various products and services to their brand users across the globe, and their reward is the growing number of c onsumers they can boast of in the past year. The competition from all corners may make Google sweat a little as they work hard to maintain the strong grip on the ever-expanding market (Duthel, 2008). Google’s main competitors Microsoft In the IT world, Microsoft can be likened to no other. At this point in time, it is fair to assume that Google’s main competition comes from this dominant force that has ruled the technological world since time immemorial. Google reigns as champion when it comes down search engines. Microsoft’s differentiation strategy when it comes to search engines has led to the creation of image searches, mapping, and the rising Bing. This leads to a discovery that the success of one company leads to the determination and rise of another. This means that, Google is paving the way for more innovation and more competition from the other forces present in the business market (Hill & Jones, 2012). Yahoo A series of changes is being made to this we b phenomenon. This search engine, over the years, has helped millions across the world to access some of the many things that need addressing. Presently, users can now perform searches while getting educated on how to get the relevant and much needed results. A lot of other innovations are coming up, for example; Flickr integration and embedded video are some of the different products Yahoo is hoping will gain them their foothold in the market (Hill & Jones, 2012). Facebook Google and Facebook have been known to complement each other when it comes to the business and IT side (Hill & Jones, 2012). In truth, Facebook has helped Google attract a large share of consumers over the past two years, and due to this, both companies are growing at a particularly rapid pace. During the launch of a feature that could assist individuals find places and each other, Facebook is likely to create a huge challenge to Google. People can do this while on the social network so everything may be done whi le people are still connecting. This is a major product launch, which may see Facebook’s consumer base increase. How Google integrates differentiation into its marketing communication vehicles In terms of Google’s communication vehicles, there are different channels which are being utilized. Being a giant in the IT world, Google has millions of pages that have some of the products and services they offer. During the day, a lot of people in various organizations and institutions use the internet to carry out their

Sy2001 G Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Sy2001 G - Essay Example This does not however imply the so-called cyber infrastructure is the utopia of office environments, albeit on a virtual basis, there are a number of factors that also contribute to the threats towards this modern type of infrastructure, as well as a number of factors that may well culminate within the "failures in the cyber infrastructure" (Goetz & Shenoi p. 351 2008). With this in mind these factors and situations must be analysed to measure the efficacy of either of the scenarios, and weigh up which is indeed arguably the most feasible. Although a definition is provided within the question and title of this paper, a more comprehensive definition is made available from DeSanctis & Monge (1999) in "Virtual Organization [n]: a collection of geographically distributed, functionally and/or culturally diverse entities that are linked by electronic forms of communication and rely on lateral, dynamic relationships for coordination." This definition incorporates the aforementioned definition, however provides a little more insight in terms of factors that need to be taken into account, with specific reference to the organization. Five main elements exist within this definition, which may be analysed within the greater context of the cyber infrastructure. These elements are: Starting with these five elements, the geographically distributed factor certainly pertains to the traditional corporation as well as the virtual organization, specifically with reference to organizations that operate on a global basis, or even those with regional representation. However specifically to the virtual organization, the possibility and "variety" of such distribution is far more diverse than being limited to a specific office area or building, as compared to that of the traditional organization, within specific geographic locations, such as that of a head office and satellite branches. Within the case of the

E-Commerce Business Models And Concepts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

E-Commerce Business Models And Concepts - Essay Example Due to this, they end up not meeting the set objectives and being ineffective. The core reason of this is poor development, and the fact that most of these sites do not meet minimum software quality requirements. As the business world becomes more competitive, website firmly hold the position of one of the most crucial tools a company must possess in order to maintain a competitive advantage. Armed with an e-commerce site companies become more flexible, and are able to adjust accordingly with market dynamics. It is evident that many companies now realize the importance of websites as a tool to gain market share and improve sales. This paper is intended to highlight the essential parts of quality e commerce sites, and through the identification of current market trends show the best concepts applicable in a successful online store. Business Background http://www.horchow.com/: The Horchow management structure consists of activities such as the allocation of tasks, supervision and coord ination, which are directed towards the accomplishment of the aims of the company. The company structure mainly participates in the accomplishment of the company goals this is because the company has several dedicated employees whose main agenda is to assist the company to achieve his company's goals. Most flourishing companies like unique home decor, Paul Michael Company, Bensons would not have reached the places they are without their websites (Plumley & Wyrostek, 2011). Horchow has several supervisor is in each and every department, this ensures the employees work up to the required standard. This contributes to the making of designing high quality decor products because the management has catered everything governing the employees work. The company uses various business models to make it distinct from other companies. The business models also help to describe the organizational architecture of capture mechanisms, delivery which are employed by the company's enterprise. The compa ny has applied business models such as, collecting intelligence, user generated content, and improving the available systems. It also uses transport services such as airline and private courier services to ensure their products are available all over the continent. The goals of the business are primarily marketing the products on sale and making sure they increase their profits though online sale and delivery. The company also seeks to be capable of running consumer satisfaction surveys so as to assist they gauge their progress. Finally, the ultimate goal is to ensure that the company becomes a reputable and among the most respected and successful in this field of business The website will, therefore, be designed so as to make sure the company achieves most of its goals in the most efficient way possible. The website will become a partial platform for the marketing department. This is because many people nowadays depend on the internet for many things, making it an easier place to a ccess customers. The products will be marketed by posting them on the website and giving information on the latest home decors awaiting release and those already in the market. In order to enhance marketing, company will have to alias with the most visited websites and have accounts in social platforms such as Facebook, linked in, twitter and MySpace among others. Secondly the company will should be able to give customers the ability to purchase items and request them to get delivered to supported locations. The products shall be priced ant the availability of a customer to purchase the items collectively using a virtual card. This will